LM7812 3-Terminal 1A Positive Voltage Regulator

The LM78XX series including the LM7812 device are three terminal positive regulators available in the TO-220 package and with several fixed output voltages, making them useful in a wide range of applications. Each type employs internal current limiting, thermal shut down and safe operating area protection, making it essentially indestructible. If adequate heat sinking is provided, they can deliver over 1A output current. Although designed primarily as fixed voltage regulator, these devices can be used with external components to obtain adjustable voltages and currents.

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American Power Conversion ES-350 Uninterruptible Power Supply

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Uninterruptible power supplies are almost as exciting as photocopiers, and the buying decisions surrounding them are usually predicated upon the nearest box with a plug at one end and a battery inside. It’s easier to develop a consuming interest in zucchini.

There are a lot of very inexpensive UPS devices – at least, there are a lot of them that cost less than the APC ES-350, which is relatively pricey as these things go. This having been said, none of them represents a really huge pile of cash, and the extra few dollars required to leave the shop with a state of the art, utterly reliable UPS is arguably worth it.

The ES-350 is an uninterruptible power supply turned up to ten, with every conceivable feature. It won’t make tea, but there’s a place to plug in the kettle.

In its most elementary sense, a UPS consists of a battery charger, a battery and an inverter, this latter box of chips being a device to turn the DC power from a UPS battery into a sufficiently convincing simulation of AC power as to allow it to power computers, televisions and other technology. While a singularly convoluted way of doing absolutely nothing most of the time, if the power fails, the battery in a UPS will keep running whatever’s plugged into it with no detectable disturbance in the force.

One important consideration of all uninterruptible power supplies is that they’re far from efficient. The process of converting AC to DC, charging a battery and then converting DC back to simulated AC consumes some power. The ES-350 was somewhat more efficient in this respect than a few of the low-cost UPS systems we’ve tried. As an example, a desk lamp with a 60 watt light bulb plugged into the wall consumed 52 watts, as measured by a Kill A Watt power consumption meter. The same lamp plugged into the ES-350 caused the ES-350 to consume 63 watts.

It’s a good idea to choose a UPS to match the power requirements of the device you intend to plug into it, for this reason. A UPS that’s considerably more powerful than you actually require will be larger and more expensive than it needs to be – it will also consume more power just running itself.

Cheap ‘n nasty UPS systems with brand names you’ve never heard of are a lot less efficient as a rule, and blow away a lot more watts.

American Power Conversion has been making uninterruptible power supplies since way before they were trendy, and this most recent generation of their products is seriously well put together. It does what it says on the box – providing both uninterruptible power and bulletproof surge suppression. However, this UPS has a brain inside. Connect it to an Ethernet port and the software included with it will strike up a conversation with it.

The PowerChute application bundled with the ES-350 will let you log into the UPS and configure it. For example, you can silence most of its audible alarms through its user interface. This is something most users of these devices will unquestionably wish to do – if you’re suddenly plunged into darkness by a power failure, you probably won’t need the incessant beeping of your UPS to alert you that something’s amiss.

You can also fine tune the behavior of the ES-350 in software, configuring it for different external circumstances. It can be adjusted to allow for power supplied by a generator, for example, which tends to be a bit noisy and erratic.

Finally, the PowerChute software can be configured to shut down your computer in an orderly and safe manner if the power is off line for a sufficient period to get down to the end of the battery life of the ES-350. While this function is entirely optional, it can save you from having to recover from Windows fainting unexpectedly, something it usually proves to resent the next time it boots up.

The ES-350 will provide 50 watts of power from its internal battery for 24 minutes, 100 watts 100 watts for 10 minutes and 200 watts for two minutes. It’s one of a range of uninterruptible power supplies in the ES suite – you can buy larger versions of it to provide more power for longer periods. In our case, we only needed the UPS to run for about a minute, this being the time it takes our emergency generator to get up to speed and bring itself on line if the lights go out.

The ES-350 also includes a surge suppressor for a telephone line, which will go some way in defending your phone, FAX machine or other communications toys against lightening strikes.

Compact, easy to deploy and impressively reliable, the ES-350 is the perfect UPS. You can ignore it for most of its life without having it become the center of attention when you suddenly discover you need it. The first time it prevents several hours of your work from disappearing into an alternate universe, it’ll seem worth several times its purchase price.

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Cheap Computer Power Supply and how it works!

The computer power supply is extremely critical to the operation of your computer. It provides electricity to the components and it also prevents the computer from starting up or operating if the correct power levels aren’t present. 

Power supply failure can damage components. 

The components of a computer system are particular about the type of electricity they use. They don’t use regular household alternating current (AC). They use +3.3, +5, +12, -5 and -12 volts of regulated direct current (DC). Today’s high-powered computer systems require extra power for high-end processors and video cards; hence the addition of extra 12-volt and 6-volt supplies.

A device called a Power Supply is used to convert the AC to DC. 

Cheap Computer Power Supply

A Power Supply

Always unplug the system before servicing your Computer Power Supply

CAUTION! - It is never recommended to repair a power supply since it does not contain user-serviceable parts. Repairing power supplies can bedangerous and hazardous

Never open it to repair it because it stores electricity even when the computer is turned off and unplugged

The microelectronic components in a computer perform best when they receive low voltage DC. Some of the components (such as the CPU) use 3.3 volts. Some of the Pentium 4 CPUs require additional power in the form of a 4-pin plug connected to the motherboard.

The floppy, optical drives and hard drives require 5 and 12 volts. 

To satisfy these components, a converter or power supply is installed in every computer. 

Power supplies have a wattage (W) or volt-amp (VA) rating which denotes the amount of power it can produce. An extremely old power supply provided little more than 60 watts but most present-day power supplies provide between 400 and 500 watts of power. 

Computer Power Supply Form Factors

Just like how a computer case and a motherboard belong to a particular form factor, power supplies also come in different form factors. There are approximately eight industry standard form factors for power supplies. They are: 

PC/XT, AT(Desk Type), AT (Tower Type), Baby-AT, LPX, ATX, NLX and SFX. 

Some types such as the PC/XT and the AT desktop types are rarely used or obsolete today. The ATX is now the standard for both desktops and towers even though there are exceptions – One being the Small Form Factor (SFF) made by Shuttle. Many different power outputs are available with the different power supplies. 

Computer Power Supply Connectors

Very old power supply connectors such as those obsolete PC/XT, AT (including Baby-AT) and LPX systems had two six-pin connectors (P8 and P9) that connected to the motherboard. 

At present, power supplies are equipped with 20/24 pin connectors. 

Whichever connector is used, the P8 and P9 or the 20/24 pin, there is one wire present in each that carries the power good signal. 

This signal tells the motherboard that the current from the power supply is within the acceptable range thus preventing accidental damage to the system from erratic current. 

Selecting a Computer Power Supply

 

You should select a power supply that is 500 watts or higher. I would recommend that it should be Intel or AMD certified.

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4 Safety Tips When You Use Vacuum Cleaner

Product safety is very important to me because I’ve accidentally used a defect appliance and hurt myself (it was an iron, by the way). Thankfully, it wasn’t serious. Since then, I learned that I need to practice better safety measures whenever I use ANY household appliance. You may think “how can a vacuum cleaner possibly be dangerous?” Well sadly, it can. And prevention is always better than cure!

Many people don’t realize that careless use of vacuum cleaner can actually cause safety problems. For example, using vacuum too close to a water source or wet surface can cause short circuit to the item, causing electric shock. Of course, most vacuums are equipped with safety features but I’m sure you’d agree with me that it helps to play a preventive role on our part.

Here, I’d like to share 4 safety tips when you use vacuum cleaner:

1. Keep children and pets away

Regardless of whether your vacuum comes with a cord or not, you should always switch it off when you are not using. If your pets are curious by nature, I’d suggest that you keep them out of the room/outside until you finish vacuuming. They may just tug the cord or knock the vacuum over and get hurt.

Also, keep small children away while you vacuum and NEVER leave a vacuum switched on unattended. Children are a curious bunch and they may just stick their hands into the power nozzle.

2. Wear slippers while you vacuum

Sometimes, moving the vacuum around too quickly can be dangerous. Take time to clean and push the vacuum properly. There’s a chance that your toe can get stuck in the nozzle because the carpet is lifted as you vacuum in a hurry.

3. Beware of loops and kinks

One of the most common injuries is tripping over vacuum cord. Loop the wires properly before you keep it away. And when you take it out, make sure that there are minimal kinks and it’s not tangled. This is especially important if you vacuum when there are other people around. Also, avoid sharp corners because they may cut into the cord and don’t overstretch the cord.

4. Don’t attempt to pick up large objects

If you force your vacuum to pick up large objects (especially metal ones), you’ll spoil the fan or motor. It’s just not worth it because repair can be costly, not to mention that it’s dangerous. It helps to remember that the function of a vacuum is to pick up small particles/objects/things that you cannot see or pick it up yourself.

I’ve also written extensive reviews on different vacuums on my blog and I’ve some good recommendations that you can consider.

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Apple 23″ Cinema Display Power Supply

I have owned a 23″ Cinema Display for the past one and a half years and I really enjoy using it.  It recently stopped working and would not wake up from sleep.  The problem turned out to be the power supply brick which I just replaced for $80 (including shipping).

I did suspect the power supply and took it in to a repair shop to see if it was the problem or not.  It worked fine in the store.  However, we did not leave it plugged in for long enough to realize that it would shut down after a minute from a cold start and after a few seconds on subsequent tries.

So, if you have a problem with your Cinema Display, verify the power supply before sending in the whole unit for repairs (~ $400).

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uninterruptible power supply

An uninterruptible power supply, also uninterruptible power source, UPS or battery backup, is an electrical apparatus that provides emergency power to a load when the input power source, typically the utility mains, fails. A UPS differs from an auxiliary or emergency power system or standby generator in that it will provide instantaneous or near-instantaneous protection from input power interruptions by means of one or more attached batteries and associated electronic circuitry for low power users, and or by means of diesel generators and flywheels for high power users. The on-battery runtime of most uninterruptible power sources is relatively short—5–15 minutes being typical for smaller units—but sufficient to allow time to bring an auxiliary power source on line, or to properly shut down the protected equipment.

While not limited to protecting any particular type of equipment, a UPS is typically used to protect computers, data centers, telecommunication equipment or other electrical equipment where an unexpected power disruption could cause injuries, fatalities, serious business disruption and/or data loss. UPS units range in size from units designed to protect a single computer without a video monitor (around 200 VA rating) to large units powering entire data centers, buildings, or even cities.

  Ningshing was founded in 1988 and was re-organized into a share-holding company in 2002,After more than ten years of consolidation and development, Ningshing has been gradually shaped into a diversified company with primarily six lines of business including Import& Export Trade,Real Estate,Logistics,Domestic Trade Investment and Labour Export. NingShing has more than 10 subsidiaries and has been ranked among the top accredited company in Ningbo for consistently 6 years.Since 1998,NingShing has been consecutively listed among Top 500 Chinese Import & Export Companies by MOFIEC.

UPS Power System        Power Supply Units     UPS Battery Backup              Computer Power Supply

Online UPS         Offline UPS            Voltage Regulator                  Hair Dryer

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Power Supply Calculator

You need to be aware of a few issues if you are building your own computer system or checking out pre-configured systems. Two of the most important issues are hardware compatibility and the selection of a power supply unit that can power the computer’s hardware. It is always recommended to check these out even if the computer has been assembled by a manufacturer. It is less likely that problems arise there but there have been cases where insufficient hardware has been build into a computer system causing all kinds of problems for the user.

Newegg’s Power Supply Calculator is a online form that can be used to calculate a rough minimum power supply unit wattage. Many computer builders select a power supply unit that is over-dimensioned for the computer system that they are building. This is usually fueled by users on the Internet who give advice to pick a high-end power supply unit to be on the safe side.

The user has to enter data in the requested fields of the power supply calculator including information about the processor, video card, motherboard, computer memory, hard drives and optical drives. The calculator will then crunch some numbers and suggest a minimum wattage for the power supply unit.

It is always a good idea to pick a power supply unit that offers additional capacities to be on the safe side. This could be important when adding new computer hardware to the PC. It is therefor not advised to select a 400 Watt power supply unit of the calculator’s suggested wattage turned out to be 396 Watt.

power supply calculator

There are obviously other factors that play a role like picking an energy efficient power supply unit (check out the 80 plus power supply units article for pointers).

Newegg’s Power Supply Calculator offers a quick calculation of the minimum wattage required for a specific computer system configuration. It is therefor a good starting point before selecting a power supply unit.

UPS Power System             Uninterruptible Power Supply                    Power Supply Units                UPS Battery Backup

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Improve the availability of power UPS

The availability of food is called UPS, the physical concept is the use of deadline, UPS is the normal execution time and the ratio of the time. According to this definition to improve the availability of UPS, there are two options: one is to increase the UPS MTBF, the second is to reduce Mean Time To Repair MTTR UPS.

UPS power to improve the MTBF of traditional practices that exploit the power switching device specifications and grades, the best control technology, components for logic control to improve the specification and grade, using the most advanced structure of the main circuit, strengthening the management of intelligence and communications capabilities, the strict production technology, improve quality management (ISO9000) and so on. But when the MTBF is increased to a certain effect is not evident. Low MTTR, the effect is very evident. UPS, the practice of reduced MTTR There are several.

1) The general practice is to strengthen the power of UPS, in particular the maintenance of the key elements, adequate spare parts and ensure its integrity, to improve the training of maintenance personnel operational expertise, particularly when the user needs for the acquisition of a manufacturer’s sales services UPS (including spare parts, reaction time and rate of repair) conditions make the commitment.

2) + UPS Power Modular Redundancy configured, the circuit in the UPS into several parts, and the structure to connect the module, as the power module (including the rectifier and inverter), the Latitude X300 Series battery modules and communication modules intelligent management .

3) UPS and redundant power configuration of the machine, the UPS in the control circuit can be set as a cap part, can even turn the power concentrated in a structure such as hot-swappable modules. To meet the multiple parallel supply UPS can also be regarded as an inverter for each module, redundant hot backup configuration in case the same thing can be done after the failure of the repair hot or UPS are available directly and all machine functions .

4) Power UPS with an integrated approach to improve the availability of a variety of equipment to meet the needs of the power system. Integrated UPS power system of ideas and principles, the manufacture of electrical equipment and the provision of harmonization and standardization, units of power supply including the integration of structure calculation and standardization of connection, the feed system of equipment and connections (including load PDU) to manage the state of centralized power, and power system links the modular connecting hot-pluggable.

UPS Power System   Uninterruptible Power Supply    Power Supply Units  UPS Battery Backup  Online UPS

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Types of Uninterruptible Power Supplies

The three main types of UPSs are:

  • standby (offline)
  • online
  • line interactive

In the following, “input power” refers to power obtained from the utility, and “load power” refers to power supplied by the UPS to the load.

Offline (or standby) UPSs are the simplest and most efficient. Normally, power reaches loads directly from its source. During a power failure, a switch connects a backup battery to the load, with a short, distinct power interruption. During unstable conditions such as when input power frequency deviates from the required range, the same switching occurs, connecting the backup battery. In persistently unstable conditions, the battery may be drained, making it inadequate during a blackout.

Since offline UPSs provide only partial protection from many common power problems, they are most often used to shield single-user personal computers and other less critical applications.Offline UPSs are smaller and lower-priced than online UPSs.

Online UPSs provide load power at all times through a battery that is continuously charged by input power. The battery is always online; therefore, no switching is called for during power failures.

Online UPSs provide complete protection and isolation from almost all types of power problems and provide digital-quality power that is not possible with offline systems. For these reasons, they are typically used for mission-critical applications that demand high productivity and systems availability.

“Double-converter system” is another name for an online UPS since it must convert AC input power to DC for charging the battery and afterward convert DC to AC for use by the load. Double conversion makes this UPS less efficient than other types.

Online systems provide the same benefits of an offline UPS combined with a line conditioner, at a price lower than the cost of both components purchased separately.

Line-interactive UPSs retain some of the efficiency of offline UPSs while providing the voltage regulation features of online systems. Instead of converting the input power to DC and storing it in a battery, the UPS sends the power to the load through a ferroresonant transformer that provides voltage regulation and power conditioning for disturbances such as electrical line noise. In addition, when a power outage occurs, the transformer maintains an energy reserve that is usually sufficient to power most personal computers briefly during the switchover to the UPS‘s battery power. In general, these UPSs work best with linear loads such as motors, heaters and lights.

Line-interactive UPSs are very efficient, highly reliable and, unlike offline systems, offer voltage regulation features.

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Fascinating facts about the invention

The first hair dryer was the vacuum cleaner! Around the turn of the century, women dried their hair by connecting a hose to the exhaust of their vacuum cleaners. In early models, the front of a vacuum cleaner sucked air in, the back blew air out, and the hose could be attached to either end.

In 1920, the first true hair dryer came on the market, but it was extremely large and heavy, and frequently overheated. Since then, thousands of patents have been issued for different hair dryer designs, but most of them only tweak the outside packaging of the hairdryer so that it looks more aesthetically appealing to you. Aside from the addition of some safety features, the inside of a hair dryer hasn’t changed too much over the years. Not until 1951 was the first really workable dryer made. The device consisted of a hand-held dryer connected to a pink plastic bonnet fitted over the woman’s head.

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